memorization. = [ ], 8. [2], Any form of Ethiopian gospel music was not recorded until the 1950s when priest Mere Geta Lisanework assisted the Ethiopian Radio in recording. All other texts are in Geez. To be able to carry out this further service one has to attend a higher school of the church, which should be considered an extension of the Nebab and Qedasse Bet. In the evening the pupils come to the house of the teacher, which is also at the same time the school itself All stand around the teacher while the lesson is given. He can then practice reading different religious texts. Senne 04 (June 11) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 03 (June 10) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 02 (June 09) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Senne 01 (June 08) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium, Ginbot 30 (June 07) | The Ethiopian Synaxarium. (..). The prime function of the Nebab bet is to teach children to read religious books, practically all of which are in Geez. This timetable shows that the student does not assimilate his lesson passively it happens in other branches of traditional learning. [12], Since the mid-1970s, large-scale emigration of Ethiopians has created a diaspora in the United States. Low and deep voice. 1) Nebab Bet (Reading school) The students listen attentively and try to remember the comment word for word. KEYARI TARIKEY ( ): https://youtu.be/3bpkpnH9qqUiTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14483. ], 8. . = , 15. The main interest and purpose of the school is, however, not to develop poetic and other aesthetic interests in the child or youth, but to enable him to carry out the Church rituals. In the course of the centuries the school system has grown and changed in many ways. One important reason memorization is so stressed all through the Church Schools is that writing materials were traditionally not well developed. This exercise is repeated for months or every a couple of years, until the boy knows the main prayers by heart. . / eathebook ! Modern theological colleges exist which combine traditional studies with the broader curriculum demanded in the twentieth century. The church schools that have been described above provide the continuation of traditional education in Ethiopia. Their functions are extending rather to teaching, writing, ritual music, poetry, dances, painting, and administration of the church. The training challenges the memory of the child rather than leading him to think. , 15 -. = , 20 - . }, Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress. There are also other Qene types which are however not as widespread as the Samenna Worq. According to the Church Office there are about 15,000 churches in Ethiopia. With the expansion of the Kingdom and Christianity to the south and southwest, churches and monasteries were founded, which became for centuries important centers of learning. This limitation of the enrolment is mainly due to the large number applicants and to an insufficient number of schools, so parents, especially those who do not need the labour of their children, are obliged to send their children to the Nebab bet as a first step to enrolment in a modern government school. [11] Ethiopian Church music remains tightly bounded within the communities and rarely attracts attention by outsiders. = [ ], 3. With this stage the pupil is introduction to the art of reading Geez, and his Fidel lessons are therefore completed. Ethiopian Christian music is largely sustained by communities of descent. The Qne bet teachers say that once the student has been taught the way of right thinking, he attains a position to express himself or to criticize oth- ers views. In spite of the monotony of the learning and teaching methods and the exacting length of time, the students show surprisingly high morale. Today children use a printed table of letters, which is glued on a single sheet of cardboard. () = , 20. In earlier times the letters were written on a roll of parchment, which the pupil carried with him. = , 05. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church has crucial role to disseminate traditional ancient educational system of Ethiopia to read Old and New Testaments in Ge'ez since Axumite period in 330 AD. This is available for about ten cents in every market place in the country, so that the traditional parchment is disappearing. DEBESEY() : https://youtu.be/1MXnDADblAs5. First there is a prayer to be recited. [5] Yared, who lived in the sixth century, represents the first known case of indigenous Ethiopian musical notation and religious music. = , 29. It is likely that Ethiopian liturgical chants have undergone an evolution similar to that of European liturgical chants. 3) higher schools, namely There are ofcourse reasons for their diligence. The student learns Qene with more interest and motivation than the other disciplines, such as Zema. The student recites the product of his intellectual labour. The office of a priest is particularly attractive to tenants or landless peasants, because a priest in his area enjoys privileges, and his office entitles him to possession of the land known as Semon land. The pupil now learns to read the psalms, the most important devotional book of Ethiopian Christians. = , 18. The child, who is led by his teacher or a monitor, touches with a straw each letter from left to right of the table and names the letter in a loud voice. Zema bet ( , lit. The leading teachers and scholars of the church, who are known as Debtera, are trained in the higher school. = , 26. Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. an evening lesson, or Yeqal Timhirt, i.e. However, in the urban centers and roadside towns the elementary church school, the Nebab Bet is flourishing as an institution to prepare pupils for Government schools, teaching young children literacy in Amharic. Privacy-Statement . After leaving the teacher each group moves apart and tries to comment on the text just as the teacher did, as much as possible word for word. In some cases students are made to memorize the texts of the Psalms. We shall not discuss here the historical development, but rather the educational activities of the schools, as we know them today in the country. The Qne bet schools differ in their thinking and teaching methods. [ . ], 3. A graduate of the Metsehaf Bet enjoys high prestige as a scholar and can take a high post in the Church hierarchy, such as head of a monastery (Gedam) or a large church (Debre). The more advanced students serve as monitors to instruct the beginners. a) Zema Bet (Music school) raider. MARYAM () : https://youtu.be/6I1ujFtU0CciTunes: http://itunes.apple.com/album/id14481Apple Music : http://itunes.apple.com/album/id/14482. b) Quene Bet and (Poetry school) The Qne bet ( house of the qne) is a stage of the traditional church education in the Ethiopian OrthodoxTwahdoChurch. = , 8 - () = - - . We have seen that the Qedasse bet trains mainly the altar priests, who are known as the semonegna (those who serve weekly). = , 2. However, Ethiopian Churches in smaller communities face challenges in maintaining the liturgical cycle and musical tradition. These schools of commentaries are not to be found everywhere, but in large churches, Debre, and in monasteries, Geddam, where extensive libraries and famous teachers are to be found. The four steps are repeatedly drilled on the same text, Fidel Hawaria. = , 3. Humming at the lowest range of the male voice. Zema-Bet education in the three selected Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahido churches found in Bahir Dar city. ], 1. house of zema [chant]) is a part of the system of traditional church education. When the teacher feels that his pupil has mastered this stage, he leads him to Wurdnebab. c) Metsehaf Bet The Qne bet takes from three to five years. Addis Ababa December 1970. . . = , 6. Parallels are quoted from the history of the country while interpreting the passages on the Holy Land. A new comer must ask him for permission to attend his classes. () = - ., 10. In doing so, a In doing so, a mixed-method research ap proach with the convergent parallel . The place of instruction is usually a communal hut near the teachers dwelling known as the Mahber Bet, or simply in the open or under a tree. Thus relatively little education is expected from a young man to be ordained an altar priest. In the Qne bet the students focus on the theory and practice of the composition of qne. However, in rural districts, parents generally discouraged the education of girls, since their function is to be housewives, and for this role no formal education is felt to be necessary. The number and the kind of books the student has to read at this stage is not standardized. The advanced student of the Qne bet acting as assistant teacher is called zrafi, lit. If one misses a word or an idea, another member of the group recalls it and supplements. Furthermore, since the instruction is considered sacred, just as prayer is, the student takes his assignment seriously. () = , 1. = ( ) - ., 3. It is difficult to estimate the number of Nebab Bet in the country or to evaluate the school population involved. . () : Modern education, of recent origin, is provided mainly in schools operated by the Government. : 1 - [ ], 7 - = - ., 8 - = , 3 - = - ., 5 - ( ) = ( ), 6 - () = ( ), 19. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church Home English Franais Deutsch Oriental Church Music Photo Gallery Video Links Calendar = = 2003-Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church -About-us . During the evening the student endeavours to find the proper music to fit the Qene model he is going to compose; since all Qene has to be sung, his Qene piece must be suited to a corresponding musical form. Last Checked: 01/18/2023. In urban centres and roadside towns the Nebab bet has a new function today. Saint John Chrysostom, Qerlos and others. When the pupil knows the letters to some extent, he starts to practice reading a text. . 81 2 . Its graduates become cantors of Ethiopian Orthodox (Twado) Church. Online Status.
. The student has to learn each sentence of the commentary by heart. On such tables the number of the letters and the forms in the seven orders remain the same, but the place of the characters is changed or mixed up, so that the child cannot depend only on his memory and the sequence in which he has memorized the characters. [2][9] It can be assumed that the notations have become more and more complex as time has passed. " "
( ) :: :. ( ) = , 1.. It should be noted that the Church is fully aware of the necessity to train its own future leaders in such a way that they will fulfill their role in modern society. The second branch is the Haddis, a specialized school on the commentaries of the 35 Books of the Ethiopian New Testament. This step is important, so the pupil spends more time on it. () = , 2. In the just completed Ethiopian year, it managed to get all its 8, 10, and 12 graders pass school leaving examinations.The School ranked 1st out of private schools in Addis Ababa and was awarded three cups as well as one big cup for being a general winner. He is thus able to analyse the qne composed by other experts and thus learn the composition skills in greater depth. In the Christian highlands of Ethiopia, the Church constituted the main guardian of traditional culture and provided the only schools in the land for many centuries. It is accessible to students who have completed the nbab bet and, as a rule, the qddase bet. BEALTI XELOT ( ) : https://youtu.be/yyz8lAfwMFY6. . The priests and Church scholars who are the bearers and propagators of traditional learning have themselves been formed in the church school system that we propose to examine in some detail. . . = , 1. Ethiopian Orthodox Church (EOC). a) Fidel (Alphabets) Instruction ( ) :: . When he has composed his Qene verse after the model assigned to him by the teacher, he then approaches the teacher, who sits for the most part of the day at a place known to all. Evening lesson, or Yeqal Timhirt, i.e Deutsch Oriental Church Music Photo Gallery Video Calendar. Bet the students focus on the same text, Fidel Hawaria passages on the commentaries the! Motivation than the other disciplines, such as Zema well developed Music remains tightly bounded within the communities and attracts... 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