At high concentrations, BPA also binds to and acts as an antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR). Free of claims are used to indicate that a product does not contain a certain material, such as BPA, but they can sometimes be misleading. Structural formula Name CAS Reactants; Bisphenol AF: 1478-61-1: Phenol: Hexafluoroacetone: Bisphenol F: 620-92-8: Phenol: Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C21H24O4 CAS Number: 1675-54-3 Molecular Weight: 340.41 Beilstein: 299026 EC Number: 216-823-5 MDL number: MFCD00080480 PubChem Substance ID: 57654090 NACRES: NA.77 Pricing and availability is not currently available. The study included an in utero phase, direct dosing to pups to mimic bottle feeding in neonates, and employed a dose range covering the low doses where effects have been previously reported in some animal studies, as well as higher doses where estrogenic effects have been measured in guideline oral studies. Alternatively, and to a much lesser extent, BPA may be ethoxylated and then converted to its diacrylate and dimethacrylate derivatives (bis-EMA, or EBPADMA). FDA will continue to participate in discussions with our international regulatory and public health counterparts who are also engaged in assessing the safety of BPA. Search for free and find new suppliers for chemical products, pharmaceuticals and APIs. CAS number(s): 55818-57- . Epoxy resin | C21H25ClO5 | CID 169944 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. Our line of powerful Liquid Epoxy Resins -including Bisphenol A, Modified Bisphenol A, Bisphenol A/F, Modified Bisphenol A/F, Bisphenol F offers the reliability, protection and performance you need, backed by the local customer support Only Olin can provide, virtually anywhere in the world. Polyols can be compounds such as 1,4-butanediol. to be exposed to dangerous levels of bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate. 12 oz. Commercial production of BPA requires distillation either extraction of BPA from many resinous byproducts under high vacuum or solvent-based extraction using additional phenol followed by distillation. Uses of all substances that migrate from packaging into food, including BPA, are subject to premarket approval by FDA as indirect food additives or food contact substances. Plastic containers have recycle codes on the bottom. 1). FDA continues to review the available information and studies on BPA. Sign in to download full-size image This process, also known as a one-step process, is commonly used for the preparation of low and medium molecular weight bisphenol A epoxy resins. At 830C). Scientific studies show that in humans BPA is quickly metabolized and eliminated from the body. The CLARITY Study, the largest study ever done on BPA and conducted by FDA experts, confirms that BPA is safe, and supports the agencys one word answer to the question: Is BPA safe?: Yes. BPA is also found in epoxy resins, which act as a protective lining on the inside of some metal-based food and beverage cans. Epoxy resins have many uses including engineering applications such as electrical laminates for printed circuit boards, composites, paints and adhesives, as well as in a variety of protective coatings. The remaining 5% of BPA is used in a wide range of applications, many of which involve plastic. Farbenindustrie reported the coupling of BPA and epichlorohydrin. [36] It may be purified by recrystallisation from acetic acid with water. [11] www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/chemical-risks/bisphenol/en/, An official website of the United States government, : BPA can also be found in breast milk. [74] It binds to both of the nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs), ER and ER. [31][16] Dodds eventually developed a structurally similar compound, diethylstilbestrol (DES), which was used as a synthetic estrogen drug in women and animals until it was banned due to its risk of causing cancer; the ban on use of DES in humans came in 1971 and in animals, in 1979. What chemicals are in epoxy resin when you consider this? It is important to note that scientific experts at FDA, and other regulatory bodies, review the full weight of the scientific evidence when making decisions about safety. Polycarbonate plastic provides the benefit of long-lasting transparency and durability in new, design-inspired LED lighting in vehicles. Questions & Answers on Bisphenol A Use in Food Contact Applications, Bisphenol A Overview & Response to Petitions, European Food Safety Authority Information on Bisphenol A. Chemical name Common names and synonyms CAS number EC number Concentration; 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol, oligomeric reaction products with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane: PubChem CID 24754; . [5] https://www.regulations.gov/docket/FDA-2010-N-0100. The reaction is catalyzed by a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) or a sulfonated polystyrene resin. . The oligomers may vary in molecular weight from 340 and higher. As can be seen from above, the product is bisphenol A diglycidyl ether when there is sufficient epichlorohydrin and enough sodium hydroxide as the catalyst. In July, 2012, FDA took this action in response to a food additive petition filed by the American Chemistry Council (ACC) [9]. Prediction and evaluation of route dependent dosimetry of BPA in rats at different life stages using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. One reason people may be concerned about BPA is because human exposure to BPA is widespread. . Camacho L, Vanlandingham MM, Twaddle NC, Sepehr E, Delclos KB, Fisher JW, Doerge DR. Camacho L, Lewis SM, Vanlandingham MM, Latendresse JR, Olson GR, Davis KJ, Patton RE, Gamboa da Costa G, Woodling KA, Bryant MS, Chidambaram M, Trbojevich R, Juliar BE, Felton RP, Thorn BT. [66][67][68] The primary source of human exposure is via food, as epoxy and PVC are used to line the inside of food cans to prevent corrosion of the metal by acidic foodstuffs. mixing process is what I used. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. Distribution of bisphenol A into tissues of adult, neonatal, and fetal Sprague-Dawley rats. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The CDC NHANES data are considered representative of exposures in the United States. 40:35-40. PA is also used in the production of epoxy resins. Epoxy resins made with BPA are tough and readily adhere to metal surfaces, making them excellent materials for protective coatings. Polycarbonate drinks containers are also a source of exposure, although most disposable drinks bottles are actually made of PET, which contains no BPA. When the low-molecular-weight bisphenol A epoxy resin is continuously reacted with bisphenol A, the obtained bisphenol A epoxy resin has a high polymerization with a relative molecular mass 1400 or more. Its optical clarity allows direct observation of blood or other fluids to monitor proper flow. BPA is fairly cheap to produce, as the synthesis benefits from a high atom economy and large amounts of both starting materials are available from the cumene process. General description. The manufacturing of epoxy resins and vinyl ester resins account for 25-30% of BPA use. Recently completed a rodent subchronic study [7] intended to provide information that would help in designing a long-term study that is now underway (see below). Bisphenol-F can further link generating tri- and tetra-and higher phenol oligomers. Information about this expert consultation and the report of the meeting is available from the WHO web site. Toxicol Sci. 250/ Ton Get Latest Price. Bisphenol A | C15H16O2 | CID 6623 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more. This is further confirmed by CLARITY, as the results clearly show that BPA has very little potential to cause health effects, even when people are exposed to it throughout their lives, said Steven G. Hentges, Ph.D., Polycarbonate/BPA Global Group of the American Chemistry Council (ACC). 2012 May-Jun;34(3):331-7. l) Patterson TA, Twaddle NC, Roegge CS, Callicott RJ, Fisher JW, Doerge DR. Concurrent determination of bisphenol A pharmacokinetics in maternal and fetal rhesus monkeys. BPA's largest single application is as a co-monomer in the production of polycarbonates, which accounts for 6570% of all BPA production. [1] This draft assessment was reviewed by a Subcommittee of FDAs Science Board, which released its report at the end of October 2008. Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic synthetic compound with the chemical formula (CH3)2C(C6H4OH)2 belonging to the group of diphenylmethane derivatives and bisphenols, with two hydroxyphenyl groups. These plastics first appeared in 1958, being produced by Mobay, General Electric, and Bayer. The .gov means its official. Phenols can be compounds such as bisphenol A and novolak. [70][71] The body first converts it into more water-soluble compounds via glucuronidation or sulfation, which are then removed from the body through the urine. 2010 Sep 1;247(2):158-65. d) Doerge DR, Twaddle NC, Vanlandingham M, Brown RP, Fisher JW. Epoxy is the family of basic components or cured end products of epoxy resins.Epoxy resins, also known as polyepoxides, are a class of reactive prepolymers and polymers which contain epoxide groups. bisphenol a type epoxy resin is as representative kind the most general in the epoxy resin; its cured article possesses a lot of good characteristics; high like cohesive strength,. Paper recycling can be a major source of release when this includes thermal paper,[9][97] leaching from PVC items may also be a significant source,[93] as can landfill leachate. [25], In 1934, workers at I.G. It was originally produced from coal tar and was named carbolic acid. In 2008 FDA released a document titled Draft Assessment of Bisphenol A for Use in Food Contact Applications. BPA has been used in food packaging since the 1960s. .mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}, Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound primarily used in the manufacturing of various plastics. You may have heard claims that BPA exposure causes health effects in people. 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Physical State: Powder. . Toxicity evaluation of bisphenol a administered by gavage to sprague dawley rats from gestation day 6 through postnatal day 90. [91], BPA has been detectable in the natural environment since the 1990s and is now widely distributed. Properties form viscous liquid Quality Level 100 composition Epoxide equivalent weight, 172-176 Epoxy is a synthetic resin that uses two chemical components (typically diglycidyl ethers and a combination of bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin) to harden or cure. from modified natural oils and Bisphenol A or Bisphenol A-based epoxy resins. Find out about the exciting discoveries being made by NIEHS and NIEHS-supported researchers that are helping to improve health and save lives. [98] Despite its short half-life and non-bioaccumulating character, the continuous release of BPA into the environment causes continuous exposure to both plant[104] and animal life. A resource for kids, parents, and teachers to find fun and educational materials related to health, science, and the environment On the regulatory front, FDAs regulations authorize FDA to amend its food additive regulations to reflect when certain uses of an additive have been abandoned. Brand Names: Not applicable . bisphenol A: [noun] an industrial chemical compound C15H16O2 that is a component especially of hard plastics (such as polycarbonate) and epoxy resins. Regardless, due to the scientific uncertainty, many jurisdictions have taken steps to reduce exposure on a precautionary basis. PBE can be used as a reinforcing polymer on nanotubes and nanoparticles which can be useful in electronics, optical and aerospace based applications. Chemical Name: Hydrogenated Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin CAS No. The health effects of BPA have been the subject of prolonged public and scientific debate. [22] BPA-free plastics have also been introduced, which are manufactured using alternative bisphenols such as bisphenol S and bisphenol F, but there is also controversy around whether these are actually safer. Chemical name (IUPAC): 4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol, oligomeric reaction products with 1 -chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, esters with acrylic acid . . In July, 2013, FDA took this action in response to a food additive petition filed by Congressman Edward Markey [10] of Massachusetts. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Low oral doses of bisphenol A increase volume of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in male, but not female, rats at postnatal day 21. 2011 Dec 15;207(3):298-305. f) Doerge DR, Twaddle NC, Vanlandingham M, Fisher JW. [74] These interactions are all very weak, but exposure to BPA is effectively lifelong, leading to concern over possible cumulative effects. Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin (CAS No. This early work underpinned the development of epoxy resins, which in turn motivated production of BPA. According to the ratio of raw materials, the reaction conditions and adopt the same method can be obtained with different degrees of polymerization of low molecular weight viscous liquid and high . Toxicol Sci. The 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found detectable levels of BPA in 93% of 2517 urine samples from people six years and older. Name: Bisphenol A epoxy diacrylate . Developmental treatment with bisphenol A or ethinyl estradiol causes few alterations on early preweaning measures. Scientific Peer-Review of the Draft Assessment of Bisphenol A for Use in Food Contact Applications, 31 October 2008. Toxicol Lett. [12][13][14] BPA is a xenoestrogen, exhibiting hormone-like properties that mimic the effects of estrogen in the body. 2014 May;139(1):174-97. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu022. FDAs current perspective, based on its most recent safety assessment, is that BPA is safe at the current levels occurring in foods. Cured epoxy resins are inert materials used as protective liners in metal cans to maintain the quality of canned foods and beverages, and have achieved wide acceptance for use as protective coatings because of their exceptional combination of toughness, adhesion, formability, and chemical resistance. Scientific Peer-Review of the United States of prolonged public and scientific debate It was originally produced coal! ), ER and ER websites often end in.gov or.mil an antagonist the! Humans BPA is used in a wide range of applications, many of involve. Recrystallisation from acetic acid with water to review the available information and studies BPA! 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