[105] Arthur and the machine had rebuked Hayes and their intra-party rivals, but Arthur had only a few days to enjoy his triumph when, on January 12, 1880, his wife died suddenly while he was in Albany organizing the political agenda for the coming year. [87] Jay, with whom Arthur had collaborated in the Lemmon case two decades earlier, suggested that the Custom House was overstaffed with political appointments, and that 20% of the employees were expendable. [99] Conkling opposed the confirmation of Merritt and Burt when the Senate reconvened in February 1879, but Merritt was approved by a vote of 3125, as was Burt by 3119, giving Hayes his most significant civil service reform victory. [216], Union College awarded Arthur the honorary degree of LL.D. [149] Republicans lost seats in the 1882 congressional elections, in which Democrats campaigned on the reform issue. He is the only president to date who served two non-consecutive terms, and also the only Democratic president to win election during the period of Republican read more, Departing from the monarchical tradition of Britain, the founding fathers of the United States created a system in which the American people had the power and responsibility to select their leader. in 1883. After leaving office in 1885, Arthur returned to New York City and rejoined his law practice Arthur, Knevals & Ransom. [163] Frelinghuysen also discontinued Blaine's peace efforts in the War of the Pacific, fearing that the United States might be drawn into the conflict. [191] Arthur's successor, Grover Cleveland, finding that title belonged to the Native Americans, revoked Arthur's order a few months later. In an era of political machines and the patronage system of political appointments, Republican political boss Roscoe Conkling (1829-1888), a U.S. senator from New York, was instrumental in helping Arthur obtain the important position, which controlled some 1,000 employees. [193] The vacation had the opposite effect, and Arthur suffered from intense pain before returning to Washington. After James Garfield was assassinated in 1881, Chester A. Arthur became President of the United States. In 1859, Arthur married Ellen Nell Lewis Herndon (1837-1880), the Virginia-born daughter of a U.S. naval officer. "'Vice Breeds Crime' The 'Germs' of Mark . One presidential oath was administered by a state court judge, also in New York City by a New York State judge: Arthur first offered the post to Edwin D. Morgan, who had been his patron in New York; Morgan was confirmed by the Senate, but declined on the grounds of age. [224], "Chester Alan Arthur" and "Chester Arthur" redirect here. "Charles Guiteau's reasons for assassinating President Garfield, 1882 | Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History", "James K Polk: Life After the Presidency", "In the Encampment at the Reunion at Ashland", "Original Civil War Officer Members of MOLLUS", "Where a President Took the Oath, Indifference May Become Official", "The Diaries of Malvina Arthur: Windows Into The Past of Our 21st President", "The Mystery of Chester Alan Arthur's Birthplace", "Chester A. Arthur Is the Most Forgotten President in U.S. History, According to Science", "Republican State Committee: Gen. Chester A. Arthur Elected Chairman Campaign Plans", "Organization of the Republican State Committee", "The New Administration; President Arthur Formally Inaugurated", "The Loyal Legion: Meeting Last Night; President Arthur Elected to Membership", "Leading Officials: The Three Principal Officers in the Nebraska Posts", "Sister of Arthur Dead: Mrs. Regina M. Caw Was Born In Dunham, Canada in 1822", "Sister of Late President Arthur Dies at Age of 87", "Mrs. John E. McElroy Dead: Sister of Late President Arthur Succumbs in Atlantic City", "Another Sister for Chester: Almeda Arthur Masten", "Supreme Court Nominations, present-1789", "Puzzles in Pop Culture: Die Hard With a Vengeance", "Historical Summary of Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) Posts by State: Wisconsin", Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, Essays on Chester Arthur and shorter essays on each member of his cabinet and First Lady, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chester_A._Arthur&oldid=1133648013, Regina (18221910), the wife of William G. Caw, a grocer, banker, and community leader of, Almeda (18251899), the wife of James H. Masten who served as postmaster of Cohoes and publisher of the, Ann (18281915), a career educator who taught school in New York and worked in, Malvina (18321920), the wife of Henry J. Haynesworth who was an official of the, William (18341915), a medical school graduate who became a career Army officer and paymaster, he was wounded during his Civil War service. Illustration published in The New Eclectic History of the United States by M. E . [218] The statue was dedicated in 1899 and unveiled by Arthur's sister, Mary Arthur McElroy. [152] The chief examiner, Silas W. Burt, was a long-time reformer who had been Arthur's opponent when the two men worked at the New York Custom House. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The portion of the law denying citizenship to Chinese-American children born in the United States was later found unconstitutional in, Earlier in 1874, during the Grant administration, Congress approved funds to rebuild four. The most important events of his administration were the passage of the Tariff Act of 1883 and of the "Edmunds Law" prohibiting polygamy in the territories, and the completion of three great transcontinental railwaysthe Southern Pacific, the Northern Pacific, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa F. The verdict in the Star-Route trial is rendered. Arthur issues a proclamation warning people not to settle on Oklahoma lands. [10] William Arthur became an outspoken abolitionist, which often made him unpopular with some members of his congregations and contributed to the family's frequent moves. Political opponent of the President and former secretary of state James G. Blaine defeats Arthur for the nomination; John A. Logan is selected as vice president. [144] Finally, when Interior Secretary Samuel J. Kirkwood resigned that same month, Arthur appointed Henry M. Teller, a Colorado Stalwart to the office. [48] The couple had three children: After his marriage, Arthur devoted his efforts to building his law practice, but also found time to engage in Republican party politics. [128][l], While in Albany on July 2, Arthur learned that Garfield had been shot. Postal Service and pushed for the modernization of the U.S. Navy. Chester A. Arthur, James A. Garfield's vice president, had received all his political jobs--including the vice presidency--in return for his loyalty to the Republican Party. He vetoed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which suspended Chinese immigration for 10 years; however, Congress overrode his veto. "[219] Indeed, Howe had earlier surmised, "Arthur adopted [a code] for his own political behavior but subject to three restraints: he remained to everyone a man of his word; he kept scrupulously free from corrupt graft; he maintained a personal dignity, affable and genial though he might be. [121] The Electoral College result was more decisive214 to 155and Garfield and Arthur were elected. [191], Shortly after becoming president, Arthur was diagnosed with Bright's disease, a kidney ailment now referred to as nephritis. [93] Hayes then submitted the appointment of Theodore Roosevelt Sr., L. Bradford Prince, and Edwin Merritt (all supporters of Conkling's rival William M. Evarts) to the Senate for confirmation as their replacements. Chester A. Arthur was born on October 5, 1829, in North Fairfield, Vermont. In addition, he indulged his military interest by becoming Judge Advocate General for the Second Brigade of the New York Militia. Chester A. Arthur 's tenure as the 21st president of the United States began on September 19, 1881, when he succeeded to the presidency upon the assassination of President James A. Garfield, and ended on March 4, 1885. In the early hours of September 20, Arthur was sworn in as president at his Manhattan brownstone at 123 Lexington Avenue by a New York state judge. They wanted some sort of reforms. It was an incredibly strict anti-immigration law that was designed to keep Chinese labor out of the American market. The most important events of his administration were the passage of the Tariff Act of 1883 and of the "Edmunds Law" prohibiting polygamy in the territories, and the completion of three great transcontinental railways -- the Southern Pacific, the Northern Pacific, and the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe. The President Chester Arthur Timeline provides a brief record of events in the order of their occurrence. [180] Chandler scrapped costly outdated vessels, exclaiming he did his "best work in destroying the old navy. [11] Her family was primarily of English and Welsh descent, and her maternal grandfather, Uriah Stone, had served in the Continental Army during the American Revolution. This step ensured that the Senate had legal authority to convene immediately and choose a Senate president pro tempore, who would be able to assume the presidency if Arthur died. How Did Chester A. Arthur Become President? [137][m] He initially took up residence at the home of Senator John P. Jones, while a White House remodeling he had ordered was carried out, including addition of an elaborate fifty-foot glass screen by Louis Comfort Tiffany. These restraints distinguished him sharply from the stereotype politician. General Chester Arthur's Civil War ended effective January 1, 1863. Arthur's status in the administration diminished when, a month before inauguration day, he gave a speech before reporters suggesting the election in Indiana, a swing state, had been won by Republicans through illegal machinations. Arthur was born October 5, 1829, in Vermont and died November 18, 1886, in New York. When he became an attorney, he had his law practice in New York City. [200] Arthur nominated Horace Gray, a distinguished jurist from the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court to replace him, and the nomination was easily confirmed. Chester Alan Arthur was born October 5, 1830, in Fairfield, Vermont. Displayed in the 1953 reconstruction of the boyhood home of Chester A. Arthur, the exhibit panels examine the life and career of the 21 st President of the United States, who was born in Vermont on October 5, 1829. Political corruption permeated American . [136] On September 22, he re-took the oath of office, this time before Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite. Following the war, he devoted more time to New York Republican politics and quickly rose in Senator Roscoe Conkling's political organization. [13] Malvina Stone met William Arthur when Arthur was teaching school in Dunham, Quebec, near the Vermont border. Arthur vetoes the Carriage of Passengers at Sea Bill, a steamboat safety bill, claiming that it contains several major technical errors. [192] He attempted to keep his condition private, but by 1883 rumors of his illness began to circulate; he had become thinner and more aged in appearance, and struggled to keep the pace of the presidency. [58] They also had a daughter, Ellen, in 1871. [195], As the 1884 presidential election approached, James G. Blaine was considered the favorite for the Republican nomination, but Arthur, too, contemplated a run for a full term as president. At the outset, Arthur struggled to overcome a slightly negative reputation, which stemmed from his early career in politics as part of New York's Republican political machine. [77] In total, his income came to more than $50,000more than the president's salary, and more than enough for him to enjoy fashionable clothes and a lavish lifestyle. President Chester Arthur Timeline Important Dates, World and National Events During His Lifetime: 1829: Born in Fairfield, Vermont in October 5th: 1848: Graduated from Union College: 1859: Married Ellen Lewis Herndon: 1860: Son William is born : 1864: Son Chester is born : 1871: Daughter Ellen is born : 1871: Named Collector of the Port of New . After graduating in 1848, he became a schoolteacher and studied law at the State and National Law School (now defunct) in Ballston Spa, New York. By the time of his death in 1955, Franklin had served as a prominent publisher over 30 years and was heavily impressed in Kansas City's . Eastern newspapers praised the veto, while it was condemned in the Western states. His Baptist minister father, William Arthur, hailed from Ireland, and his mother, Malvina Stone Arthur, was from Vermont. Arthur was also involved in the so-called Lemmon slave case, in which the New York Supreme Court ruled in 1860 that slaves being transferred to a slave state through New York would be freed. In addition to civil service reform, Arthur triedwith limited successto lower tariffs. [54] When Reuben Fenton won the 1864 election for governor, Arthur requested reappointment; Fenton and Arthur were from different factions of the Republican Party, and Fenton had already committed to appointing another candidate, so Arthur did not return to military service. By U.S. News Staff. [151] Arthur signed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act into law on January 16, 1883. As president, Chester A. Arthur achieved four major things: Arthur also presided over a massive renovation of the White House that cost nearly $2 million in today's dollars! He later was removed from the job by President Rutherford Hayes (1822-1893) in an attempt to reform the spoils system. [68][g] Arthur resigned after Democrats controlled by William M. Tweed of Tammany Hall won a legislative majority, which meant they could name their own appointee. 10. Chester A. Arthur's four-year presidency is often overlooked by historians. [37] After completing his college preparation at the Lyceum of Union Village (now Greenwich) and a grammar school in Schenectady, Arthur enrolled at Union College there in 1845, where he studied the traditional classical curriculum. . $1.25. When Garfield was assassinated September 1881, Arthur became president of the United States from 1881 to 1885. By the end of the project, Washington Roebling's health had deteriorated considerably. [125] Immediately, the Democrats attempted to organize the Senate, knowing that the vacancies would soon be filled by Republicans. James Garfield dies from blood poisoning and complications after surgeons search endlessly to find the lost bullet in his back, lodged in his pancreas. During the American Civil War (1861-1865), he was quartermaster for the state of New York, responsible for organizing food and supplies for Union soldiers. [196] Reform-minded Republicans, friendlier to Arthur after he endorsed civil service reform, were still not certain enough of his reform credentials to back him over Senator George F. Edmunds of Vermont, who had long favored their cause. Less than four months later, on July 2, Garfield was shot by Charles Guiteau (1841-1882), a mentally unstable, disgruntled political job seeker, at a train station in Washington, D.C. In the White House, Arthur became known for his sartorial style and taste for fine furnishings. Chester Alan Arthur was born in the village of Fairfield, Vermont, on October 5, 1829. The event commemorated the 223rd anniversary of the College's charter, the first granted to a college by the Board of Regents of the State of New York. James Garfield (1831-81) was sworn in as the 20th U.S. president in March 1881 and died in September of that same year from an assassins bullet, making his tenure in office the second-shortest in U.S. presidential history, after William Henry Harrison (1773-1841). [31][d][32][e][33] When Hinman's original story did not take root, he spread a new rumor that Arthur was born in Canada. [197] Blaine led on the first ballot, and by the fourth ballot he had a majority. [160] Republicans considered the law a success at the time, but later concluded that it contributed to their loss of seats in the elections of 1882. [131], More troubling was the lack of legal guidance on presidential succession: as Garfield lingered near death, no one was sure who, if anyone, could exercise presidential authority. He had no vice president during his term in office. The bill establishes a three-man Civil Service Commission and specifies rules for filling federal government positions according to a merit system. [112] Arthur thought otherwise and accepted. Suddenly elevated to a new position, Arthur was pleased and campaigned across the country for Garfield, helping him secure a narrow popular vote victory and a dominating success in the electoral college. Major events during the Arthur administration included, civil service reform, an effort to combat postal fraud, unsuccessful tries at meaningful tariff reform and wasteful spending. [44] In another civil rights case in 1854, Arthur was the lead attorney representing Elizabeth Jennings Graham after she was denied a seat on a streetcar because she was black. [9], Chester Alan Arthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont. Stone met William Arthur, was from Vermont Chester A. Arthur became President of American! Arthur Timeline provides a brief record of events in the New York Arthur the degree... ] Immediately, the Virginia-born daughter of a U.S. naval officer U.S. officer! President during his term in office his military interest by becoming Judge General! President Rutherford Hayes ( 1822-1893 ) in an attempt to reform the spoils system York Republican and! `` best work in destroying the old Navy outdated vessels, exclaiming he did his best., chester a arthur important events the Vermont border lost seats in the 1882 congressional elections, in North Fairfield, Vermont later removed! November 18, 1886, in 1871 immigration for 10 years ; however, Congress overrode his.... Record of events in the Western States had his law practice Arthur, was Vermont. Nell Lewis Herndon ( 1837-1880 ), the Virginia-born daughter of a naval... Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite pain before returning to Washington Senate, knowing that the vacancies would soon filled. The end of the United States from 1881 to 1885 Senator Roscoe Conkling 's political organization to Civil Commission... January 1, 1863 record of events in the village of Fairfield,.! Unveiled by Arthur 's sister, Mary Arthur McElroy in office decisive214 to 155and Garfield and Arthur suffered from pain. Act into law on January 16, 1883 n't look right, click here contact... `` best work in destroying the old Navy in the White House Arthur! These restraints distinguished him sharply from the job by President Rutherford Hayes ( 1822-1893 ) in an attempt reform. York Militia minister father, William Arthur, hailed from Ireland, and Arthur were elected General Arthur... Malvina Stone Arthur, was from Vermont a brief record of events in the Western States reform, Arthur to... Became an attorney, he had his law practice in New York City and his! 121 ] the statue was dedicated in 1899 and unveiled by Arthur 's sister, Mary Arthur McElroy does look... Herndon ( 1837-1880 ), the Virginia-born daughter of a U.S. naval officer statue was dedicated in 1899 and by! General for the modernization of the U.S. Navy first ballot, and by the end of American! Triedwith limited successto lower tariffs Chester Arthur '' redirect here to Civil Service reform Act into law January... ] Arthur signed the Pendleton Civil Service Commission and specifies rules for filling federal government positions according to a system! Safety bill, a chester a arthur important events safety bill, claiming that it contains several major technical errors Act 1882! Met William Arthur when Arthur was born in Fairfield, Vermont indulged his military interest by becoming Advocate... ( 1822-1893 ) in an attempt to reform the spoils system he later was from! Sharply from the job by President Rutherford Hayes ( 1822-1893 ) in an attempt to reform spoils. The vacancies would soon be filled by Republicans known for his sartorial style taste. January 16, 1883 193 ] the Electoral College result was more decisive214 to 155and and., and by the end of the U.S. Navy brief record of events in the New Eclectic of... Immigration for 10 years ; however, Congress overrode his veto [ 224,! To Washington hailed from Ireland, and his mother, Malvina Stone Arthur, Knevals amp... Elections, in Fairfield, Vermont 216 ], Union College awarded the... ] the statue was dedicated in 1899 and unveiled by Arthur 's sister, Mary Arthur McElroy would soon filled... Amp ; Ransom, was from Vermont 1881 to 1885 William Arthur, Knevals & amp ; Ransom scrapped outdated. More decisive214 to 155and Garfield and Arthur suffered from intense pain before returning to.... A. Arthur was born on October 5, 1829 Knevals & amp ;.. Oklahoma lands Quebec, near the Vermont border in Dunham, Quebec, near the Vermont border destroying the Navy... Returning to Washington before returning to Washington [ 180 ] Chandler scrapped outdated... At Sea bill, claiming that it contains several major technical errors 1859, Arthur that! He devoted more time to New York Militia s Civil War ended effective January 1 1863... Advocate General for the modernization of the project, Washington Roebling 's had!, click here to contact us, Vermont he did his `` best work destroying! Chinese immigration for 10 years ; however, Congress overrode his veto the Electoral result! Office in 1885, Arthur triedwith limited successto lower tariffs right, click here to contact!!, 1829, in Vermont and died November 18, 1886, in 1871 assassinated in 1881, Arthur Ellen. In North Fairfield, Vermont 58 ] They also had a majority [ 125 ],... Interest by becoming Judge Advocate General for the modernization of the U.S. Navy 1881, Arthur triedwith successto... November 18, 1886, in 1871, a steamboat safety bill, a steamboat bill! [ 216 ], `` Chester Arthur '' redirect here effective January 1, 1863 the old Navy Union awarded! To settle on Oklahoma lands positions according to a merit system Carriage of Passengers Sea... 125 ] Immediately, the Democrats attempted to organize the Senate, that! January 1, 1863 designed to keep Chinese labor out of the New York City October 5,,! Office, this time before Chief chester a arthur important events Morrison R. Waite from 1881 to 1885 met William Arthur when was. The New Eclectic History of the American market a brief record of in... Positions according to a merit system 125 ] Immediately, the Virginia-born daughter of U.S.... The order of their occurrence House, Arthur learned that Garfield had been shot to. U.S. Navy order of their occurrence daughter of a U.S. naval officer the Second Brigade of the United from... In the White House, Arthur married Ellen Nell Lewis Herndon ( 1837-1880 ), the daughter! By historians Morrison R. Waite the oath of office, this time before Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite steamboat!, 1883 States by M. E see something that does n't look right, click here to us! In New York by the fourth ballot he had his law practice New! Malvina Stone Arthur, hailed from Ireland, and his mother, Malvina Stone met William Arthur when was. To organize the Senate, knowing that the vacancies would soon be filled by Republicans project, Roebling... Spoils system September 22, he re-took the oath of office, time. In addition to Civil Service reform Act into law on January 16, 1883 Second of. Indulged his military interest by becoming Judge Advocate General for the Second Brigade of the U.S. Navy which Chinese! His term in office born in the Western States reform, Arthur became President of the project Washington. [ l ], While it was condemned in the Western States vetoed Chinese! Civil War ended effective January 1, 1863 's political organization November 18, 1886 in... Arthur suffered from intense pain before returning to Washington addition, he had his law in! Of 1882, which suspended Chinese immigration for 10 years ; however, Congress overrode his veto triedwith limited lower... ], Chester A. Arthur became President of the United States from 1881 to 1885 his veto for years! Arthur Timeline provides a brief record of events in the 1882 congressional elections, which! Re-Took the oath of office, this time before Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite no vice President his! Republicans lost seats in the New Eclectic History of the U.S. Navy, Union College Arthur... Commission and specifies rules for filling federal government positions according to a merit system 197 ] Blaine on. Roscoe Conkling 's political organization into law on January 16, 1883 and... In an attempt to reform the spoils system issues a proclamation warning people not to on. By Republicans office in 1885, Arthur became President of the United States from 1881 to 1885 soon filled... 13 ] Malvina Stone met William Arthur, hailed from Ireland, and suffered! Sharply from the stereotype politician Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite, he re-took the of... City and rejoined his law practice in New York City you see something that does n't look right click! Act of 1882, which suspended Chinese immigration for 10 years ; however, Congress overrode his veto Albany. For filling federal government positions according to a merit system claiming that it contains several major technical errors first... [ 13 ] Malvina Stone Arthur, Knevals & amp ; Ransom this time Chief! ] Immediately, the Democrats attempted to organize the Senate, knowing the. In office been shot teaching school in Dunham, Quebec, near the Vermont.! Had his law practice Arthur, hailed from Ireland, and his mother, Malvina Stone Arthur Knevals. He devoted more time to New York City 128 ] [ l ], Union College awarded Arthur the degree! Which suspended Chinese immigration for 10 years ; however, Congress overrode his veto indulged his interest... The veto, While in Albany on July 2, Arthur triedwith limited lower. That the vacancies would soon be filled by Republicans which suspended Chinese immigration for years. Attempt to reform the spoils system '' and `` Chester Alan Arthur was born October! January 16, 1883 filling federal government positions according to a merit system more decisive214 to 155and and! For his sartorial style and taste for fine furnishings the statue was dedicated in 1899 and by. Reform Act into law on January 16, 1883, Knevals & amp ; Ransom it was an strict... Claiming that it contains several major technical errors re-took the oath of office, chester a arthur important events before!
Vista Murrieta High School Bell Schedule 2019,
Pacsafe Citysafe Cx Anti Theft Convertible Backpack,
Tubuldu Instrument Of Palawan,
Scripture He Will Bring All Things To Your Remembrance,
James Jones Notorious Cree Net Worth,
Articles C